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Amazon CLF-C02 Sample Questions
Question # 1
A company has a centralized group of users with large file storage requirements that haveexceeded the space available on premises. The company wants to extend its file storagecapabilities for this group while retaining the performance benefit of sharing content locally.What is the MOST operationally efficient AWS solution for this scenario?
A. Create an Amazon S3 bucket for each user. Mount each bucket by using an S3 filesystem mounting utility. B. Configure and deploy an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway. Connect each user'sworkstation to the file gateway. C. Move each user's working environment to Amazon Workspaces. Set up an AmazonWorkDocs account for each user. D. Deploy an Amazon EC2 instance and attach an Amazon Elastic Block Store (AmazonEBS) Provisioned IOPS volume. Share the EBS volume directly with the users.
Answer: B
Explanation: AWS Storage Gateway is a hybrid cloud storage service that allows you to
extend your on-premises file storage capabilities to the AWS Cloud. AWS Storage
Gateway file gateway enables you to store and access your files in Amazon S3 using
industry-standard file protocols such as NFS and SMB. File gateway caches frequently
accessed files locally, providing low-latency access to your data. File gateway also
optimizes the transfer of data between your on-premises environment and AWS,
minimizing the amount of bandwidth consumed. By using file gateway, you can retain the
performance benefit of sharing content locally while leveraging the scalability, durability,
and cost-effectiveness of Amazon S3. References: AWS Storage Gateway, File Gateway
Question # 2
Which complimentary AWS service or tool creates data-driven business cases for cloudplanning?
A. Migration Evaluator B. AWS Billing Conductor C. AWS Billing Console D. Amazon Forecast
Answer: A
Explanation: Migration Evaluator is a cloud-based service that provides organizations with
a comprehensive assessment of their current IT environment and estimates the cost
savings and performance improvements that can be achieved by migrating to
AWS. Migration Evaluator helps users build a data-driven business case for AWS by discovering over-provisioned on-premises instances, providing recommendations for costeffective
AWS alternatives, and analyzing existing licenses and cost comparisons of Bring
Your Own License (BYOL) and License Included (LI) options
Question # 3
Which AWS services or features provide disaster recovery solutions for Amazon EC2instances? (Select TWO.)
A. EC2 Reserved Instances B. EC2 Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) C. Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) snapshots D. AWS Shield E. Amazon GuardDuty
Answer: B,C
Explanation: The correct answer is B and C. EC2 Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) and
Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) snapshots are two AWS services that provide
disaster recovery solutions for Amazon EC2 instances.
EC2 AMIs are preconfigured templates that contain the software configuration and
data required to launch an EC2 instance. You can create AMIs from your running
EC2 instances and use them to launch new instances in the same or different
AWS Regions. This way, you can quickly recover your EC2 instances in case of a
disaster that affects your primary Region or Availability Zone1.
Amazon EBS snapshots are incremental backups of your Amazon EBS volumes.
You can create snapshots of your volumes and store them in Amazon S3, which is
a highly durable and scalable storage service. You can use snapshots to restore
your volumes to a previous point in time or to create new volumes from
snapshots. Snapshots can also be copied across AWS Regions, enabling you to
recover your data in another Region in case of a disaster2.
The other options are not directly related to disaster recovery for EC2 instances:
EC2 Reserved Instances are a pricing model that allows you to reserve EC2
capacity for a specific period of time and receive a discount on the hourly
charge. Reserved Instances do not provide any disaster recovery benefits, as they
are only a billing option3.
AWS Shield is a managed service that protects your AWS resources from
for all AWS customers at no additional charge, and advanced protection for
customers who need higher levels of detection and mitigation. AWS Shield does
not provide any disaster recovery benefits, as it is only a security service4.
Amazon GuardDuty is a threat detection service that monitors your AWS account
and workloads for malicious or unauthorized activity. Amazon GuardDuty analyzes
various data sources, such as AWS CloudTrail, Amazon VPC Flow Logs, and DNS
logs, to identify potential threats and alert you via Amazon CloudWatch Events or
AWS Lambda. Amazon GuardDuty does not provide any disaster recovery
benefits, as it is only a monitoring service5.
Question # 4
Using AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) to grant access only to the resourcesneeded to perform a task is a concept known as:
A. restricted access. B. as-needed access. C. least privilege access. D. token access.
Answer: C
Explanation: The concept of granting access only to the resources needed to perform a
task is known as least privilege access. This is a security best practice in IAM that helps to
reduce the risk of unauthorized or malicious actions. By applying least privilege access,
you can limit the permissions of your IAM users, groups, and roles to the minimum required
for their specific tasks. You can also use conditions, permissions boundaries, and IAM
Access Analyzer to further restrict and verify access. References: Security best practices in
IAM, Policies and permissions in IAM, Use IAM policies to grant the least privileges
required to access Amazon RDS resources, How to Design a Least Privilege Architecture
in AWS, 12 Azure & AWS IAM Security Best Practices
Question # 5
Which AWS service or feature provides log information of the inbound and outbound trafficon network interfaces in a VPC?
A. Amazon CloudWatch Logs B. AWS CloudTrail C. VPC Flow Logs D. AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)
Answer: C
Explanation: VPC Flow Logs is a feature that enables you to capture information about the
IP traffic going to and from network interfaces in your VPC. Flow log data can be published
to the following locations: Amazon CloudWatch Logs, Amazon S3, or Amazon Kinesis Data
Firehose. You can use VPC Flow Logs to monitor network traffic, diagnose security issues,
troubleshoot connectivity problems, and perform network forensics1. References:
Logging IP traffic using VPC Flow Logs - Amazon Virtual Private Cloud
Question # 6
What is the best resource for a user to find compliance-related information and reportsabout AWS?
A. AWS Artifact B. AWS Marketplace C. Amazon Inspector D. Increase operational costs across data centers.
Answer: A
Explanation: AWS Artifact is a self-service portal that provides on-demand access to AWS
security and compliance reports and select online agreements. Users can download
reports such as AWS ISO certifications, PCI reports, SOC reports, and GDPR DPA, and
review and accept agreements such as BAA and NDA. AWS Artifact helps users to
understand and meet compliance requirements for various standards and regulations that
apply to AWS services and infrastructure. AWS Artifact is the best resource for a user to
find compliance-related information and reports about AWS, whereas the other options are
not
Question # 7
A company operates a petabyte-scale data warehouse to analyze its data. The companywants a solution that will not require manual hardware and software management. WhichAWS service will meet these requirements?
A. Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility) B. Amazon Redshift C. Amazon Neptune D. Amazon ElastiCache
Answer: B
Explanation: Amazon Redshift is a fast, fully managed, petabyte-scale data warehouse
service that makes it simple and cost-effective to analyze all your data using your existing
business intelligence tools. You can start small with no commitments, and scale to
petabytes for less than a tenth of the cost of traditional solutions. Amazon Redshift does
not require manual hardware and software management, as AWS handles all the tasks
such as provisioning, patching, backup, recovery, failure detection, and repair12. Amazon
Redshift also offers serverless capabilities, which allow you to access and analyze data
without any configurations or capacity planning. Amazon Redshift automatically scales the
data warehouse capacity to deliver fast performance for even the most demanding and
unpredictable workloads3. Therefore, Amazon Redshift meets the requirements of the
company, compared to the other options.
The other options are not suitable for the company’s requirements, because:
Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility) is a fast, scalable, highly
available, and fully managed document database service that supports MongoDB
workloads. It is not designed for petabyte-scale data warehousing or analytics4.
Amazon Neptune is a fast, reliable, and fully managed graph database service that
makes it easy to build and run applications that work with highly connected
datasets. It is not designed for petabyte-scale data warehousing or analytics5.
Amazon ElastiCache is a fully managed in-memory data store and cache service that supports Redis and Memcached. It is not designed for petabyte-scale data
warehousing or analytics.
References:
What is Amazon Redshift? - Amazon Redshift
Amazon Redshift Features - Amazon Redshift
Amazon Redshift Serverless - Amazon Redshift
What Is Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility)? - Amazon
DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility)
What Is Amazon Neptune? - Amazon Neptune
[What Is Amazon ElastiCache for Redis? - Amazon ElastiCache for Redis]
Question # 8
A company wants to move its on-premises databases to managed cloud database servicesby using a simplified migration process. Which AWS service or tool can help the companymeet this requirement?
A. AWS Storage Gateway B. AWS Application Migration Service C. AWS DataSync D. AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS)
Answer: D
Explanation: AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) is a cloud service that makes
it possible to migrate relational databases, data warehouses, NoSQL databases, and other
types of data stores. You can use AWS DMS to migrate your data into the AWS Cloud or
between combinations of cloud and on-premises setups. With AWS DMS, you can discover
your source data stores, convert your source schemas, and migrate your data. AWS DMS
supports migration between 20-plus database and analytics engines, such as Oracle to
Amazon Aurora MySQL-Compatible Edition, MySQL to Amazon Relational Database
(RDS) for MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL-Compatible
Edition, MongoDB to Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility), Oracle to Amazon Redshift, and Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3). You can perform one-time
migrations or replicate ongoing changes to keep sources and targets in sync. AWS DMS
automatically manages the deployment, management, and monitoring of all hardware and
software needed for your migration. AWS DMS is a highly resilient, secure cloud service
that provides database discovery, schema conversion, data migration, and ongoing
replication to and from a wide range of databases and analytics systems12. References:
Database Migration - AWS Database Migration Service - AWS
What is AWS Database Migration Service? - AWS Database Migration Service
Question # 9
A company wants to allow users to authenticate and authorize multiple AWS accounts byusing a single set of credentials.Which AWS service or resource will meet this requirement?
A. AWS Organizations B. IAM user C. AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) D. AWS Control Tower
Answer: C
Explanation: AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) is a cloud-based service
that makes it easy to centrally manage single sign-on (SSO) access to multiple AWS
accounts and business applications. You can use AWS SSO to enable your users to sign in
to the AWS Management Console or the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) with
their existing corporate credentials2. You can also manage SSO access and user
permissions across all your AWS accounts in AWS Organizations3. References: AWS
Single Sign-On - AWS Documentation, AWS Organizations - AWS Documentation
Question # 10
An ecommerce company wants to use Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling to add and remove EC2instances based on CPU utilization. Which AWS service or feature can initiate an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling action to achievethis goal?
A. Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) B. Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) C. AWS Systems Manager D. Amazon CloudWatch alarm
Answer: D
Explanation: Amazon CloudWatch alarm is an AWS service or feature that can initiate an
Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling action based on CPU utilization. Amazon CloudWatch is a
monitoring and observability service that collects and tracks metrics, logs, events, and
alarms for your AWS resources and applications. Amazon CloudWatch alarms are actions
that you can configure to send notifications or automatically make changes to the
resources you are monitoring based on rules that you define67.
Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling is a service that helps you maintain application availability and
allows you to automatically add or remove EC2 instances according to definable
conditions. You can create dynamic scaling policies that track a specific CloudWatch
metric, such as CPU utilization, and define what action to take when the associated
CloudWatch alarm is in ALARM. When the policy is in effect, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling
adjusts the group’s desired capacity up or down when the threshold of an alarm is
CloudWatch Documentation, 8: Dynamic scaling for Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling, 9: Amazon
EC2 Auto Scaling Documentation
Question # 11
A company needs to track the activity in its AWS accounts, and needs to know when anAPI call is made against its AWS resources. Which AWS tool or service can be used tomeet these requirements?
A. Amazon CloudWatch B. Amazon Inspector C. AWS CloudTrail D. AWS IAM
Answer: C
Explanation: AWS CloudTrail is the service that can be used to meet these requirements.
AWS CloudTrail is a service that records AWS API calls for your account and delivers log
files to you. The recorded information includes the identity of the API caller, the time of the
API call, the source IP address of the API caller, the request parameters, and the response
elements returned by the AWS service1. You can use CloudTrail to track the activity in your
AWS accounts, such as who made an API call, when it was made, and what resources
were affected. You can also use CloudTrail to monitor the compliance, security, and
governance of your AWS environment2. The other services are not designed to track the
activity and API calls in your AWS accounts. Amazon CloudWatch is a service that
monitors and collects metrics, logs, and events from your AWS resources and applications. You can use CloudWatch to set alarms, visualize data, and automate actions
based on predefined thresholds or rules3. Amazon Inspector is a service that helps you
improve the security and compliance of your applications running on AWS. Inspector
automatically assesses applications for exposure, vulnerabilities, and deviations from best
practices4. AWS IAM is a service that enables you to manage access to AWS services and
resources securely. IAM allows you to create and manage AWS users and groups, and use
permissions to allow and deny their access to AWS resources. References: AWS
Which AWS service enables companies to deploy an application dose to end users?
A. Amazon CloudFront B. AWS Auto Scaling C. AWS AppSync D. Amazon Route S3
Answer: A
Explanation:
Amazon CloudFront is a fast content delivery network (CDN) service that securely delivers
data, videos, applications, and APIs to customers globally with low latency, high transfer
speeds, all within a developer-friendly environment. CloudFront enables companies to
deploy an application close to end users by caching the application’s content at edge
locations that are geographically closer to the users. This reduces the network latency and
improves the user experience. CloudFront also integrates with other AWS services, such
as Amazon S3, Amazon EC2, AWS Lambda, AWS Shield, and AWS WAF, to provide a
secure and scalable solution for delivering applications12. References:
What Is Amazon CloudFront? - Amazon CloudFront Amazon CloudFront Features - Amazon CloudFront
Question # 13
A company needs to perform data processing once a week that typically takes about 5hours to complete. Which AWS service should the company use for this workload?
A. AWS Lambda B. Amazon EC2 C. AWS CodeDeploy D. AWS Wavelength
Answer: B
Explanation: Amazon EC2 is the most suitable AWS service for this workload. Amazon
EC2 provides secure, resizable compute capacity in the cloud. You can launch virtual
servers, called instances, and configure them according to your needs. You can choose
from different instance types, sizes, and families, and pay only for the resources you
use. Amazon EC2 also offers features such as auto scaling, load balancing, security
groups, and placement groups to optimize your performance, availability, and
security1. Amazon EC2 is ideal for workloads that require consistent and reliable compute
power, such as data processing, web hosting, gaming, and high-performance computing2.
The other services are not suitable for this workload. AWS Lambda is a serverless compute
service that lets you run code without provisioning or managing servers. You pay only for
the compute time you consume. Lambda is best for short-lived, stateless, and event-driven
workloads that can be completed in under 15 minutes3. AWS CodeDeploy is a deployment
service that automates application deployments to Amazon EC2 instances, on-premises instances, serverless Lambda functions, or Amazon ECS services. CodeDeploy is not a
compute service, but a tool to help you update your applications with minimal downtime4.
AWS Wavelength is a service that delivers ultra-low latency applications for 5G devices.
Wavelength embeds AWS compute and storage services at the edge of
telecommunications providers’ 5G networks. Wavelength is designed for mobile edge
computing, such as interactive gaming, video streaming, and augmented
Which AWS service or tool gives users the ability to connect with AWS and deployresources programmatically?
A. Amazon quickSight B. AWS PrivateLink C. AWS Direct Connect D. AWS SDKs
Answer: D
Explanation: AWS SDKs are a set of tools that allow users to connect with AWS and
deploy resources programmatically. AWS SDKs provide libraries, code samples,
documentation, and other resources to help users write code that interacts with AWS APIs.
AWS SDKs support various programming languages, such as Java, Python, Ruby, .NET,
Node.js, Go, and more. AWS SDKs make it easier for users to access AWS services, such
as Amazon S3, Amazon EC2, Amazon DynamoDB, AWS Lambda, and more, from their
applications. AWS SDKs also handle tasks such as authentication, error handling, retries,
and data serialization, so users can focus on their application logic .
The other options are not AWS services or tools that give users the ability to connect with
AWS and deploy resources programmatically. Amazon QuickSight is a business
intelligence service that lets users create and share interactive dashboards and
visualizations1. AWS PrivateLink is a service that enables users to securely access
services hosted on AWS in a scalable and cost-effective manner2. AWS Direct Connect is
a service that establishes a dedicated network connection between a user’s premises and
AWS3.
Question # 15
Which AWS Cloud service can send alerts to customers if custom spending thresholds areexceeded?
A. AWS Budgets B. AWS Cost Explorer C. AWS Cost Allocation Tags D. AWS Organizations
Answer: A
Explanation: AWS Budgets is a service that allows you to set custom budgets for your
AWS costs and usage, and receive alerts via email or Amazon SNS notifications if you
exceed or are forecasted to exceed your budgeted amount1. You can create budgets
based on different dimensions, such as service, linked account, tag, or purchase option,
and define various types of alerts, such as actual, forecasted, or RI utilization alerts2. You
can also configure custom actions to automatically execute remediation tasks or workflows
when a budget threshold is breached3. AWS Budgets is the only service among the
options that can send alerts to customers if custom spending thresholds are exceeded. The
other options are not AWS services that provide this functionality.
Question # 16
Which AWS feature provides a no-cost platform for AWS users to join community groups,ask questions, find answers, and read community-generated articles about best practices?
A. AWS Knowledge Center B. AWS re:Post C. AWS 10 D. AWS Enterprise Support
Answer: B
Explanation: AWS re:Post is a no-cost platform for AWS users to join community groups,
ask questions, find answers, and read community-generated articles about best practices.
AWS re:Post is a social media platform that connects AWS users with each other and with
AWS experts. Users can create posts, comment on posts, follow topics, and join groups
related to AWS services, solutions, and use cases. AWS re:Post also features live event
feeds, community stories, and AWS Hero profiles. AWS re:Post is a great way to learn from
the AWS community, share your knowledge, and get inspired. References:
AWS re:Post
Join the Conversation
Question # 17
Which AWS service provides command line access to AWS tools and resources directly(torn a web browser?
A. AWS CIoudHSM B. AWS CloudShell C. Amazon Workspaces D. AWS Cloud Map
Answer: B
Explanation: AWS CloudShell is the service that provides command line access to AWS
tools and resources directly from a web browser. AWS CloudShell is a browser-based shell
that makes it easy to securely manage, explore, and interact with your AWS resources. It
comes pre-authenticated with your console credentials and common development and
administration tools are pre-installed, so no local installation or configuration is required.
You can open AWS CloudShell from the AWS Management Console with a single click and
start running commands and scripts using the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI),
Git, or SDKs. AWS CloudShell also provides persistent home directories with 1 GB of
storage per AWS Region12. The other services do not provide command line access to
AWS tools and resources directly from a web browser. AWS CloudHSM is a service that
helps you meet corporate, contractual and regulatory compliance requirements for data
security by using dedicated Hardware Security Module (HSM) appliances within the AWS
Cloud3. Amazon WorkSpaces is a service that provides a fully managed, secure Desktopas-
a-Service (DaaS) solution that runs on AWS4. AWS Cloud Map is a service that makes
it easy for your applications to discover and connect to each other using logical names and
attributes5. References: AWS CloudShell, AWS CloudShell – Command-Line Access to
Which AWS service can run a managed PostgreSQL database that provides onlinetransaction processing (OLTP)?
A. Amazon DynamoDB B. Amazon Athena C. Amazon RDS D. Amazon EMR
Answer: C
Explanation: Amazon RDS is a fully managed relational database service that supports several database engines, including PostgreSQL. Amazon RDS can run a managed
PostgreSQL database that provides online transaction processing (OLTP), which is a type
of database workload that handles frequent read and write operations on small amounts of
data. Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL offers high performance, availability, scalability,
security, and compatibility with the PostgreSQL community edition. Amazon RDS also
provides automated backups, point-in-time recovery, encryption, monitoring, and
maintenance for PostgreSQL databases. References:
Hosted PostgreSQL - Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL
OLTP Database, MySQL And PostgreSQL Managed Database - Amazon Aurora
PostgreSQL options on AWS: Self- managed, managed, and serverless
Question # 19
Which responsibility belongs to AWS when a company hosts its databases on AmazonEC2 instances?
A. Database backups B. Database software patches C. Operating system patches D. Operating system installations
Answer: C
Explanation: When a company hosts its databases on Amazon EC2 instances, AWS and
the customer share the responsibility for the security and management of the database
environment. According to the AWS shared responsibility model, AWS is responsible for
the security of the cloud, while the customer is responsible for the security in the cloud.
This means that AWS is responsible for protecting the infrastructure that runs the EC2
instances, such as the hardware, software, networking, and facilities. The customer is
responsible for properly configuring the security of the provided service, such as the guest
operating system, the database software, the data, and the network traffic12.
One of the tasks that belongs to AWS when a company hosts its databases on Amazon
EC2 instances is operating system patches. AWS provides regular updates and patches to
the operating system of the EC2 instances, which are applied automatically by default. The
customer can also choose to manually apply the patches or schedule them for a specific
time window3. Operating system patches are important for maintaining the security and
performance of the EC2 instances and the databases running on them.
The other tasks that belong to AWS when a company hosts its databases on Amazon EC2
instances are:
Operating system installations: AWS provides a variety of operating system
options for the EC2 instances, such as Linux, Windows, and Amazon Linux. The
customer can choose the operating system that best suits their database needs
and AWS will install it on the EC2 instances4.
Server maintenance: AWS performs regular maintenance and repairs on the
physical servers that host the EC2 instances, ensuring that they are in optimal condition and have adequate power, cooling, and network connectivity5.
Hardware lifecycle: AWS manages the lifecycle of the hardware that supports the
EC2 instances, such as replacing faulty components, upgrading equipment, and
decommissioning old servers.
The tasks that do not belong to AWS when a company hosts its databases on Amazon
EC2 instances are:
Database backups: The customer is responsible for backing up their data and
databases on the EC2 instances, using tools such as Amazon S3, Amazon EBS
snapshots, or AWS Backup. Database backups are essential for data protection
and recovery in case of failures or disasters.
Database software patches: The customer is responsible for applying patches and
updates to the database software on the EC2 instances, such as MySQL,
PostgreSQL, Oracle, or SQL Server. Database software patches are important for
fixing bugs, improving features, and addressing security vulnerabilities.
Database software install: The customer is responsible for installing the database
software on the EC2 instances, choosing the version and configuration that meets
their requirements. AWS provides some preconfigured AMIs (Amazon Machine
Images) that include common database software, or the customer can use their
own custom AMIs.
References:
Shared Responsibility Model - Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Shared responsibility model - Amazon Web Services: Risk and Compliance
Patching Amazon EC2 instances - AWS Systems Manager
Amazon EC2 FAQs - Amazon Web Services
Maintenance and Retirements - Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
[Hardware Lifecycle - Amazon Web Services (AWS)]
[Backing Up Your Data - Amazon Web Services (AWS)]
[Database Patching - Amazon Web Services (AWS)]
[Installing Database Software on Amazon EC2 Instances - Amazon Web Services
(AWS)]
Question # 20
A developer needs to maintain a development environment infrastructure and a productionenvironment infrastructure in a repeatable fashion Which AWS service should thedeveloper use to meet these requirements?
A. AWS Ground Station B. AWS Shield C. AWS loT Device Defender D. AWS CloudFormation
Answer: D
Explanation: AWS CloudFormation is a service that allows developers to model and
provision their AWS infrastructure in a repeatable and declarative way, using code and
templates. AWS CloudFormation enables developers to define the resources they need for
their development and production environments, such as compute, storage, network, and
application services, and automate their creation and configuration. AWS CloudFormation
also provides features such as change sets, nested stacks, and rollback triggers to help
developers manage and update their infrastructure safely and efficiently12. References: AWS CloudFormation
